The goldfish (Carassius auratus auratus) is a freshwater fish Freshwater fish are fish that spend some or all of their lives in freshwater, such as rivers and lakes, with a salinity of less than 0.05%. These environments differ from marine conditions in many ways, the most obvious being the difference in levels of salinity. To survive fresh water, the fish need a range of physiological adaptations in order in the family What does and does not belong to each family is determined by a taxonomist. Similarly for the question if a particular family should be recognized at all. Often there is no exact agreement, with different taxonomists each taking a different position. There are no hard rules that a taxonomist needs to follow in describing or recognizing a family Cyprinidae The family Cyprinidae, from the Ancient Greek kyprînos , consists of the carps, the true minnows, and their relatives (e.g. the barbs and barbels). Commonly called the carp family or the minnow family, its members are also known as cyprinids. It is the largest family of fresh-water fish, with over 2,400 species in about 220 genera. The family of order The Latin suffix -formes meaning "having the form of" is used for the scientific name of orders of birds and fishes, but not for those of mammals and invertebrates Cypriniformes The Cypriniformes are an order of ray-finned fish, including the carps, minnows, loaches and relatives. This order contains 5-6 families, over 320 genera, and more than 3,250 species, with new species being described every few months or so, and new genera being recognized regularly. They are most diverse in southeastern Asia, but are entirely. It was one of the earliest fish A fish is any aquatic vertebrate animal that is covered with scales, and equipped with two sets of paired fins and several unpaired fins. Most fish are "cold-blooded", or ectothermic, allowing their body temperatures to vary as ambient temperatures change. Fish are abundant in most bodies of water. They can be found in nearly all aquatic to be domesticated Domestication or taming is the process whereby a population of animals or plants, through a process of selection, becomes accustomed to human provision and control. A defining characteristic of domestication is artificial selection by humans. Some species such as the Asian Elephant, numerous members of which have for many centuries been used as, and is one of the most commonly kept aquarium fish.
A relatively small member of the carp Carp is a common name for various species of an oily freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae, a very large group of fish native to Europe and Asia. The cypriniformes is traditionally grouped with the Characiformes, Siluriformes and Gymnotiformes to create the superorder Ostariophysi, since these groups have certain common features such as being family (which also includes the koi carp The most popular category of koi is the Gosanke, which is made up of the Kohaku, Taisho Sanshoku, and Showa Sanshoku varieties and the crucian carp The Crucian Carp is a member of the family Cyprinidae, which includes many other fish such as the common carp, or the smaller minnows. They inhabit lakes, ponds, and slow-moving rivers throughout Europe and Asia. The crucian is a medium-sized cyprinid, which rarely exceeds a weight of over 3.3 pounds (1.5 kg). They usually have a dark green back,), the goldfish is a domesticated version of a less-colorful carp (Carassius auratus) native to east Asia East Asia or Eastern Asia is a subregion of Asia that can be defined in either geographical or cultural terms. Geographically and geo-politically, it covers about 12,000,000 km2 (4,600,000 sq mi), or about 28 percent of the Asian continent, about 15 percent bigger than the area of Europe. It was first domesticated in China China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity more than a thousand years ago, and several distinct breeds A breed is a group of domestic animals or plants with a homogeneous appearance, behavior, and other characteristics that distinguish it from other animals of the same species. When bred together, animals of the same breed pass on these uniform traits to their offspring, and this ability—known as "breeding true"—is a definitive have since been developed. Goldfish breeds vary greatly in size, body shape, fin configuration and coloration (various combinations of white, yellow, orange, red, brown, and black are known).
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History
In ancient China China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity, various species of carp Carp is a common name for various species of an oily freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae, a very large group of fish native to Europe and Asia. The cypriniformes is traditionally grouped with the Characiformes, Siluriformes and Gymnotiformes to create the superorder Ostariophysi, since these groups have certain common features such as being (collectively known as Asian carps) were domesticated Domestication or taming is the process whereby a population of animals or plants, through a process of selection, becomes accustomed to human provision and control. A defining characteristic of domestication is artificial selection by humans. Some species such as the Asian Elephant, numerous members of which have for many centuries been used as and have been reared as food fish Aquaculture, also known as aquafarming, is the farming of aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans, molluscs and aquatic plants. Aquaculture involves cultivating freshwater and saltwater populations under controlled conditions, and can be contrasted with commercial fishing, which is the harvesting of wild fish. Mariculture refers to aquaculture for thousands of years. Some of these normally gray or silver species have a tendency to produce red, orange or yellow color mutations Mutations are changes in a genomic sequence: the DNA sequence of a cell's genome or the DNA or RNA sequence of a virus. Mutations are caused by radiation, viruses, transposons and mutagenic chemicals, as well as errors that occur during meiosis or DNA replication. They can also be induced by the organism itself, by cellular processes such as; this was first recorded in the Jin Dynasty (265–420).[3]
A western aquarium of the 1850s of the type that contained goldfish among other coldwater species Coldwater fish, in the context of aquariums, refers to fish species that prefer cooler water temperatures than tropical fish, typically below 20 °C . Some examples are koi and goldfish. These species tend to grow more slowly and live longer than fish that live in warmer waters, and are generally felt to be easier to keepDuring the Tang Dynasty The Tang Dynasty (June 18, 618–June 4, 907) was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li (李) family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire. The dynasty was interrupted briefly by the Second Zhou Dynasty (October 16, (618–907), it was popular to raise carp in ornamental ponds and watergardens Water gardens, also known as aquatic gardens, garden ponds, backyard ponds usually refer to a human designed and constructed Water feature, that combine a body of water with aquatic plants and often ornamental or edible fish. A natural genetic mutation produced gold (actually yellowish orange) rather than silver coloration. People began to breed the gold variety instead of the silver variety, keeping them in ponds or other bodies of water. On special occasions at which guests were expected they would be moved to a much smaller container for display.[4][5]
In 1162, the Empress An emperor is a (male) monarch, usually the sovereign ruler of an empire or another type of imperial realm. Empress, the female equivalent, may indicate an emperor's wife (empress consort) or a woman who rules in her own right (empress regnant). Emperors are generally recognized to be of a higher honour and rank than kings of the Song Dynasty The Song Dynasty was a ruling dynasty in China between 960 and 1279; it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, and was followed by the Yuan Dynasty. It was the first government in world history to issue banknotes or paper money, and the first Chinese government to establish a permanent standing navy. This dynasty also saw the first ordered the construction of a pond to collect the red and gold variety. By this time, people outside the imperial family were forbidden to keep goldfish of the gold (yellow) variety, yellow being the imperial color. This is probably the reason why there are more orange goldfish than yellow goldfish, even though the latter are genetically easier to breed.[6]
The occurrence of other colors (apart from red and gold) was first recorded in 1276. The first occurrence of fancy tailed goldfish was recorded in the Ming dynasty The Ming Dynasty , or Empire of the Great Ming (simplified Chinese: 大明国; traditional Chinese: 大明國; pinyin: Dà Míng Guó, also anachronistically simplified Chinese: 大明帝国; traditional Chinese: 大明帝國; pinyin: Dà Míng Dìguó), was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led. In 1502, goldfish were introduced to Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is, where the Ryukin The ryukin is a short deep-bodied fancy goldfish with a characteristic hump in the shoulder region and Tosakin The Tosakin or curly fantail goldfish is a very distinctive breed of goldfish with a large tail fin that spreads out horizontally behind the fish. Though technically a divided tail, the two halves are attached at the center/middle forming a single fin. It was developed in Japan, and is rarely seen in other countries. It is believed to have varieties were developed. In 1611, goldfish were introduced to Portugal Portugal /ˈpɔɹtʃʉɡəl/ (Portuguese: Portugal, Mirandese: Pertual), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa; Mirandese: República Pertuesa), is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and and from there to other parts of Europe Europe is one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally divided from Asia to its east by the water divide of the Ural Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian Sea, the Caucasus region (Specification of borders) and the Black Sea to the southeast. Europe is bordered by the Arctic Ocean and.[4]
During the 1620s, goldfish were highly regarded in Southern Europe because of their metallic scales, and symbolized good luck and fortune. It became tradition for married men to give their wives a goldfish on their one year anniversary, as a symbol for the prosperous years to come. This tradition quickly died, as goldfish became more available, losing their status. Goldfish were first introduced to North America North America is the northern continent of the Americas, situated in the Earth's northern hemisphere and in the western hemisphere. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the east by the North Atlantic Ocean, on the southeast by the Caribbean Sea, and on the west by the North Pacific Ocean; South America lies to the southeast around 1850 and quickly became popular in the United States ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language.[7][8]
Related species
A wild Prussian carp The Prussian carp, Silver Prussian carp or Gibel carp , is a member of the family Cyprinidae, which includes many other fish such as the common carp, and the smaller minnows. It is a medium-sized cyprinid, and does not exceed a weight of 6.6 pounds (3 kg) and a size of 45 cm. They are usually silver, although other color variations exist. They are (Carassius auratus gibelio) A Crucian carp The Crucian Carp is a member of the family Cyprinidae, which includes many other fish such as the common carp, or the smaller minnows. They inhabit lakes, ponds, and slow-moving rivers throughout Europe and Asia. The crucian is a medium-sized cyprinid, which rarely exceeds a weight of over 3.3 pounds (1.5 kg). They usually have a dark green back, (Carassius carassius)Goldfish were bred from Prussian carp The Prussian carp, Silver Prussian carp or Gibel carp , is a member of the family Cyprinidae, which includes many other fish such as the common carp, and the smaller minnows. It is a medium-sized cyprinid, and does not exceed a weight of 6.6 pounds (3 kg) and a size of 45 cm. They are usually silver, although other color variations exist. They are (Carassius auratus gibelio) in China, and they remain the closest wild relative of the goldfish.[9][10] Previously, some sources claimed the Crucian carp The Crucian Carp is a member of the family Cyprinidae, which includes many other fish such as the common carp, or the smaller minnows. They inhabit lakes, ponds, and slow-moving rivers throughout Europe and Asia. The crucian is a medium-sized cyprinid, which rarely exceeds a weight of over 3.3 pounds (1.5 kg). They usually have a dark green back, (Carassius carassius) as the wild version of the goldfish. However, they are differentiated by several characteristics. C. auratus have a more pointed snout while the snout of a C. carassius is well rounded. C. gibelio often has a grey/greenish color, while crucian carps are always golden bronze. Juvenile crucian carp have a black spot on the base of the tail which disappears with age. In C. auratus this tail spot is never present. C. auratus have fewer than 31 scales along the lateral line while crucian carp have 33 scales or more.
When found in nature, goldfish are olive green. Introduction of goldfish into the wild can cause problems for native species. Goldfish can hybridize with certain other species of carp. Within three breeding generations, the vast majority of the goldfish spawn revert to their natural olive color. The mutation that gave rise to the domestic goldfish is also known from other cyprinid The family Cyprinidae, from the Ancient Greek kyprînos , consists of the carps, the true minnows, and their relatives (e.g. the barbs and barbels). Commonly called the carp family or the minnow family, its members are also known as cyprinids. It is the largest family of fresh-water fish, with over 2,400 species in about 220 genera. The family species, such as common carp The Common carp is a widespread freshwater fish of eutrophic waters in lakes and large rivers in Europe and Asia. The wild populations are considered vulnerable to extinction, but the species has also been domesticated and introduced into environments worldwide, and is often considered an invasive species. It gives its name to the carp family and tench The tench or doctor fish is a freshwater and brackish water fish of the cyprinid (commonly called 'carp') family found throughout Eurasia from Western Europe including the British Isles east into Asia as far as the Ob and Yenisei Rivers. It is also found in Lake Baikal. It normally inhabits slow-moving freshwater habitats, particularly lakes and. Koi may also interbreed with the goldfish to produce a sterile hybrid fish.
There are many different varieties of domesticated goldfish. Fancy goldfish are unlikely to survive in the wild because of their bright fin colors; however the hardier varieties such as the Shubunkin may survive long enough to breed with wild cousins. Common and comet goldfish can survive, and even thrive, in any climate that can support a pond.
Varieties of domesticated goldfish
Selective breeding over centuries has produced several color variations, some of them far removed from the "golden Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from Latin: aurum, "shining dawn", hence adjective, aureate) and an atomic number of 79. It has been a highly sought-after precious metal for coinage, jewelry, and other arts since the beginning of recorded history. The metal occurs as nuggets or grains in rocks, in veins and in alluvial" color of the originally domesticated fish. There are also different body shapes, fin A fin is a surface used to produce lift and thrust or to steer while traveling in water, air, or other fluid media. The first use of the word was for the limbs of fish, but has been extended to include other animal limbs and man-made devices and eye Eyes are organs that detect light, and convert it to electro-chemical impulses in neurons. The simplest photoreceptors in conscious vision connect light to movement. In higher organisms complex neural pathways exist that connect the eye, via the optic nerve to the visual cortex and other areas of the brain. Complex optical systems with resolving configurations. Some extreme versions of the goldfish live only in aquariums An aquarium is a vivarium consisting of at least one transparent side in which water-dwelling plants or animals are kept. Fishkeepers use aquaria to keep fish, invertebrates, amphibians, marine mammals, turtles, and aquatic plants. The term combines the Latin root aqua, meaning water, with the suffix -arium, meaning "a place for relating to&—they are much less hardy than varieties closer to the "wild" original. However, some variations are hardier, such as the Shubunkin. The main varieties are:
| Common goldfish | Black Moor | Bubble Eye | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Common goldfish differ only in color from their ancestor, the Prussian carp The Prussian carp, Silver Prussian carp or Gibel carp , is a member of the family Cyprinidae, which includes many other fish such as the common carp, and the smaller minnows. It is a medium-sized cyprinid, and does not exceed a weight of 6.6 pounds (3 kg) and a size of 45 cm. They are usually silver, although other color variations exist. They are. Common goldfish come in a variety of colors including red, orange/gold, white, black and yellow or 'lemon' goldfish. | The Black moor is a telescope-eyed variety of fancy goldfish that has a characteristic pair of protruding eyes. It is also referred to as popeye, telescope, kuro demekin in Japan Japan is an island country in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin", which is why Japan is and dragon-eye in China China is seen variously as an ancient civilization extending over a large area in East Asia, a nation and/or a multinational entity. | The small, fancy Bubble Eye has upward pointing eyes accompanied by two large fluid-filled sacs. | |||
| Celestial Eye | Comet (goldfish) | Fantail (goldfish) | |||
| Fancy Celestial eye goldfish or Choten gan has a double tail and a breed-defining pair of upturned, telescope eyes with pupils gazing skyward. | The comet or comet-tailed goldfish is the most common fancy variety in the United States ^ b. English is the de facto language of American government and the sole language spoken at home by 80% of Americans age five and older. Spanish is the second most commonly spoken language. It is similar to the common goldfish, except slightly smaller and slimmer, and is mainly distinguished by its long, deeply forked tail. | The Fantail goldfish is the western form of the Ryukin The ryukin is a short deep-bodied fancy goldfish with a characteristic hump in the shoulder region and possesses an egg-shaped body, a high dorsal fin, a long quadruple caudal fin, and no shoulder hump. | |||
| Lionhead (goldfish) The lionhead is a hooded variety of fancy goldfish. This fish is the precursor to the ranchu | Oranda An oranda is a fancy goldfish characterized by a prominent raspberry-like hood encasing its head. The hood or headgrowth encases the whole head except for the eyes and mouth | Pearlscale The pearlscale or chinshurin in Japanese, is a spherical-bodied fancy goldfish with finnage similar to the fantail | |||
| The fancy lionhead has a hood. This fish is the precursor to the ranchu. | The fancy oranda is characterized by a prominent raspberry-like hood or (also known as wen or headgrowth) that encases the whole head except for the eyes and mouth. | The fancy pearlscale or chinshurin in Japanese, is spherical-bodied with finnage similar to the fantail. | |||
| Pompom (goldfish) | Ryukin | Shubunkin | |||
| The fancy Pompoms or pompon or hana fusa have bundles of loose fleshy outgrowths between the nostrils, on each side of the head. | The fancy ryukin has a short, deep body with a characteristic shoulder hump. | Fancy and hardy Japanese Shubunkins (朱文金?) (translated literally as "red brocade") have single tail with nacreous scales, and a pattern known as calico. | |||
| Telescope eye | Ranchu | Panda Moor | |||
| The fancy telescope eye or demekin is characterized by its protruding eyes. It is also known as globe eye or dragon eye goldfish. | The fancy Japanese ranchu is hooded. Japanese refer to it as the "king of goldfish". | The fancy panda moor has a characteristic black-and-white color pattern and protruding eyes. | |||
| Veiltail | Butterfly tail (goldfish) | ||||
| The fancy veiltail is known for its extra-long, flowing double tail. Modern veiltail standards require little or no indentation of the trailing edges of the caudal fins, as in a wedding veil for a bride. | The Butterfly Tail Moor or Butterfly Telescope is of the telescope-eye lineage, with twin tails best viewed from above. The spread of the caudal fins mimics butterflies underwater. | ||||
Chinese Goldfish classification
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Chinese tradition classifies goldfish into 4 main types. These classifications are not commonly used in the West.
- Ce (may also be called "grass")—Goldfish without fancy anatomical features. These include the common goldfish, comet goldfish and Shubunkin.
- Wen—Goldfish have a fancy tail, e.g., Fantails and Veiltails ("Wen" is also the name of the characteristic headgrowth on such strains as Oranda and Lionhead)
- Dragon Eye—Goldfish have extended eyes, e.g. Black Moor, Bubble Eye, and Telescope Eye
- Egg—Goldfish have no a dorsal fin, and usually have an 'egg-shaped' body, e.g. Lionhead (note that a Bubble Eye without a dorsal fin belongs to this group)
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Mon, 26 Jul 2010 06:03:09 GMT+00:00
Frederick News Post (subscription) If you live in Frederick County and are into koi, goldfish and golden orfe, you are probably familiar with the name Hunting Creek Fisheries ...
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did not help either While waiting for Jon Madeleine and I spend a lot of time at the shop front window looking at a tiny little pond fountain that had 4 little goldfish in it Of course this meant she was in full view of folks walking past the shop I lost count of how many stopped in their tracks to stare at Madeleine Not many
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Many thanks to Dana from The Coupon Challenge for providing us with the top Farm Fresh deals each week. The bargains listed below are just the highlights.
Q. I am planning on getting a 55 gallon aquarium to be setup for goldfish. I will have a undergravel filter and 2 power filters (both made for 50-55 gal,) I will also have live plants such as frill and hornwort. How many Comet and Common Gold fish can I have? I want 2 sarsa comets and 1 common. Tell me if I can get more or less.
Asked by Ryan Reamy - Mon Sep 28 09:54:42 2009 - - 9 Answers - 0 Comments
A. The inch per gallon rule does not work, especially not for Goldfish!! 10-15 Goldfish would be massively overstocking that 55g and would result in a heap of dead fish. I would say two common/comet Goldfish max bearing in mind they do get very large and the mess only increases as they grow. Get those live plants established first as the Goldfish will pick at and uproot them. Really, common/comet type Goldfish really do best in ponds over 500-600 gallons.
Answered by catx - Mon Sep 28 10:23:13 2009
